ABSTRACT
In this chapter I refer to the four categories proposed by E. J. Lowe in The Four-Category Ontology. These categories will be discussed as part of the so-called topological ontology. I will propose, among other things, a way of understanding ideas and their hierarchy, as well as a way of understanding objects (individuals) and attributes (properties). From the point of view of topological ontology, tropes are a problem. Perhaps topological ontology cannot describe this phenomenon. The main aim of the work is to show that by applying tools of general topology, the basic concepts of Lowe’s four-category ontology can be presented (or modelled) formally and fully accurate. In particular, the theorems in Section 2.4 indicate the topological properties of the ideas and their topological relationships with objects, while conditions 1)–4) given in Section 3 model the relationships between kinds, attributes, objects and tropes in topological (and set-theoretical) way.
