ABSTRACT
This concluding chapter ties the past to the present. The author examines the theories, punitive philosophies, and criminal justice practices that dominate the criminological discipline in the 21st century, reflecting on the connection between these elements and the historical threads covered in previous chapters. The chapter closes with a brief discussion of the future of criminology and criminal justice, suggesting that, although many elements of the past are still evident today, the discipline is continuing to evolve in promising ways, particularly in relation to theory development and a restorative philosophy of punishment.
