ABSTRACT
According to data from the National Occupation and Employment Survey, the participation of women in the economy has been growing, although it is lower than that of men. During the first quarter of 2020, the participation of women nationwide was 44.9% and that of men was 76.4%. The objective of this chapter is to analyze a set of factors and covariates that influence the probability of a woman being employed, unemployed, available and unavailable. Socioeconomic and regional factors are analyzed to explain the estimated probabilities. A Multinomial Logit Model is estimated with data from the first quarters of 2005 and 2020. Schooling favors the labor market insertion process, and the number of children decreases the probability of being employed, while living in more populated localities favors employment. Having economic support and being a young woman decreases the probability of participation. Being a single woman represents greater advantages for being part of the employed population. In the Southwest region, there is a greater advantage for women to be employed than to be unavailable, a fact that could be attributed to the social needs that prevail in states such as Oaxaca, Chiapas, or Guerrero with high poverty rates.
