ABSTRACT
Female segregation is a persistent employment phenomenon whose causes are currently unknown. In this research, we compare the distribution of the employment by gender in Mexico and Spain in order to establish the determinants or reasons why men and women are unequally distributed in employment.
Using data from the Labor Force Survey (Encuesta de Poblacion Activa [EPA]) and the National Survey of Occupation and Employment (Encuesta Nacional de Ocupacion y Empleo [ENOE]) for the year 2018, a study of occupational segregation was carried out. First, some indicators on existing segregation in each country are presented, to later perform the Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition on the estimated labor segregation probabilities for men and women. This methodology is developed from the point of view of both productive activities and occupations.
The main conclusion of our study is that segregation is persistent, even in countries such as Mexico and Spain, with relatively high levels of well-being. In relation to the fundamentals of occupational segregation, the level of attraction or concentration of women in female activities and occupations exceeds the degree of expulsion or rejection of male activities and occupations, this tendency being more intense in the case of Mexico.
