ABSTRACT
This chapter provides some brief historical references to tunnelling as background to the development of the FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Underground Works (the Emerald Book). The need for this specialist contract is discussed in the context of physical and commercial risks, and the unknown of subsurface conditions. The allocation of principal risks is discussed in detail, emphasising the use of the Geotechnical Baseline Report (GBR) as the key document in allocating risks between Contractor and Employer. The mechanisms for using the GBR for adjustment of the Time for Completion and payment resulting from the subsurface conditions encountered are described. The importance of an appropriate Tender process, including allowing adequate time, is discussed. Safety of the workforce, design, the role of the Engineer and dispute resolution are discussed.
