Introduction

This chapter shows how the argumentation and insights provided therein are often more broadly applicable to other EU member states and beyond. It illustrates important shortcomings in how vulnerability is addressed in law and the guidance provided for practitioners with regard to its identification. The chapter provides unique insight into how vulnerability may manifest itself during police questioning based on the examination of a remarkable Belgian case. The chapter then examines and analyses how vulnerability manifests and is addressed at the police station and in court, focusing on both child and adult accused persons. Building on academic research and specific case examples, the chapter demonstrates the clear speech, language, and communication needs of certain suspects and defendants and their potential negative impact within and outside of criminal justice systems.