ABSTRACT
In this chapter, we introduce the ‘spiral model’, a state-of-the-art constructivist theory of norm diffusion. We demonstrate how it can be used to explain the processes that allow internationally sanctioned Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to be diffused to and implemented in a variety of states, and to clarify who has the normative power to put such diffusion into practice. We focus on presenting the basic and most relevant points of the model, comprised of the model’s logics of action and socialisation processes, its scope conditions, its direct and indirect mechanisms of diffusion and modes of action, and its five phases of implementation. Additionally, aiming to improve the contents of this model, we incorporate characteristics from other approaches to norm diffusion, such as Ian Manners’ Normative Power Europe concept and Börzel and Risse’s Europeanisation/diffusion paradigm. Our goal is to make the spiral model an even more powerful tool to understand processes of SDG norm diffusion and contestation.
