ABSTRACT
Psychology as a theoretical science did not embrace spirituality as part of the realm of treatment within the logical approaches applied to treatment until the wellness and strength-based approaches developed after positive psychology was officiallyushered in by Dr. Martin Seligman in the late 1990s. While consciousness was studied by psychoanalysts such as Jungand humanistic psychologists like Maslow, spiritual approaches were considered necessary for working with those with substance use disorders but were not embraced in the treatment of those with mental health disorders. Hypnosis came into use with the psychoanalytic movement and has continued to be used clinically to access unconscious memories that are contributing to co-occurring disorders, specifically trauma issues. Mindfulness-based behavioral therapies like dialectic behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy have shown tremendous efficacy in helping individuals with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders. Understanding how personal spiritual practices, religious affiliation, and spiritual rituals are of importance in integrative, holistic, and culturally sensitive care is discussed in the following chapter.
