ABSTRACT
The concluding chapter reflects on a future research agenda on militias and violence against civilians in civil war. It proposes two approaches to guide further research. First, a disaggregation of “militias” and types of violence against civilians they might engage in. And second, the adoption of a process perspective to pay closer attention to how militias and their relationships to civilians and the state evolve over time. The chapter develops these arguments by reviewing the contributions in this volume and taking into account other current scholarship on the topic.
