Complex trauma: working with other modalities within a psychoanalytic frame

Two clinical cases are used to describe how the use of trauma-focused treatment interventions—trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy (tf-CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR)—can be brought into a psychoanalytically informed trauma treatment when either an impasse is reached, or engagement is difficult. The chapter emphasizes the tightrope one inevitably walks when more active interventions are used and the possibility of enactments is heightened.