ABSTRACT
The author’s starting point in this chapter is a wealth of empirical evidence pointing to space militarisation of Space. On 7 September 2018, Madame Florence Parly, French Minister for the Armed Forces, announced the creation of the French Space Command under military governance, similar to the US model, in order to implement a national space strategy. Likewise, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) decided to declare Space as a full-fledged operational domain at the same level as that of land, marine, air and cyber areas. These essential orientations are the result of the growing willingness of the major space powers, mainly Russia and China, to find dominance by spying from space and using anti-satellite capabilities. The militarisation of Space is underway. The European Union (EU) anticipated this worrying evolution. In this regard, the year 2016 marks a decisive inflexion of the EU towards space development to significantly contribute to the effectiveness of EU external action, including security and defence purposes. The increasing, multifaceted, transnational threats described in the EU Global Strategy for Foreign and Security policy of June 2016 raise the question of the policies to be implemented to tackle them, and importantly about space and related activities.
