ABSTRACT
Bolinger and Warren concluded that “the modern goal of social studies is to develop citizenry and productivity”, and discussed how successful people must have interpersonal skills, allowing them to make decisions and solve problems. Bolinger and Warren suggest that debate, Socratic seminars, and individual research can be used as strategies to encourage the development of values and multiple perspectives. According to the Integrating International and Civic Education group, deliberation involves: considering the merits of different alternatives, weighing the tradeoffs of each alternative with the use of research, collaborating in ways to involve multiple perspectives, sharing perspectives, and making the best possible choice. The process of deliberation helps high-ability students heighten their critical thinking skills, see the importance of considering multiple perspectives, and develop research skills so that these learners become civically involved in order to create positive changes. Deliberation is a way to invigorate high-ability students in social studies.
