Identity research generally falls into two major strands, the personal or ego identity strand and the social identity strand , and research on identity development in gifted populations tends to fall into one of these categories, often with the goal of identifying aspects of identity development that are unique to gifted populations. Parents rated foreclosed individuals highest on desire to excel and conscientiousness and diffused individuals lowest, but they rated achieved individuals highest on perseverance and individuals in moratorium lowest. Teachers rated diffused individuals lowest on all three variables, but they rated achieved individuals highest on desire to excel and conscientiousness and foreclosed individuals highest on perseverance. The ethnic minority groups’ higher ethnic identity scores is in keeping with the hypothesis that ethnic identity is more salient for the minority group members than majority group members.