ABSTRACT
The texts in this chapter come from public presentations in the mid-1980s, conceived to share with others the critique of development and to give to it a more practical shape. The intellectual and political movement that became public in the XVIII Conference of the Society for International Development, when Ivan Illich, Wolfgang Sachs, Jean Robert, and many others dared to challenge the very idea of development, required concrete expressions. It was necessary to describe policies that will not only abandon the very idea of development but will be also against it. And it was even more necessary to give visibility and theoretical legitimacy to initiatives emerging at the grassroots. That is the content of these texts which were written for a conference of UNESCO on food self-sufficiency, which includes a solid bibliography on the topic of hunger, and another for a conference of The Other Economic Summit on the commons movement.
