ABSTRACT
This chapter discusses the development of the IARC system has produced a measurable impact on the size and character of national agricultural research and extension programs. The rapid growth in spending intensities for research from 1959 to 1980 combined with little or no growth in extension intensities in the 1970s produced roughly equal spending intensities for research and extension in most developing countries. The ratio of research costs to extension costs is as much as 20 to 1 for the low-income developing countries and only 3 to 1 or so for the industrialized countries. Standardized publications were then used to allocate actual expenditures to commodities. The date show that spending intensities differ greatly by commodity in the 25 country sample. The specification developed here is motivated by a project evaluation or planning perspective modified by political constraints. The independent variables in the analysis are the variables measuring national research spending and national extension spending.
