ABSTRACT
The identity question is a central issue for the future of the EU. Many still consider national identities as a threat to development of European identity and oppose Eastern enlargement in fear that it might lower European identity. This might especially be the case when it comes to post-conflict countries. This chapter deals with the main differences between Croatia (a new EU state) and Serbia (an EU candidate state), as these countries have somewhat similar culture and shared history for more than 70 years. We focus on the relation between European and national identity and their correlates in both countries and point out the impact of recent history (after the break-up of former Yugoslavia) on these relations and relevant social identity processes.
