ABSTRACT
Across all sectors of the health care system there is pressure to increase the cost-effectiveness of service delivery. In recent years, a number of official reports in the alcoholism field have called for the establishment of alternatives to traditional inpatient hospitalization for alcoholics. This paper briefly reviews five bodies of scientific evidence that bear on this recommendation. It is concluded that: (i) inhospital alcoholism programmes of a few weeks to a few months duration show no higher success rates than periods of brief hospitalization of a few days; (ii) the great majority of alcoholics seeking treatment for alcohol withdrawal can be safely detoxified without pharmacotherapy and in nonhospital-based units—detoxification with pharmacotherapy on an ambulatory basis has also been shown to be a safe alternative at one-tenth the cost; (iii) “partial hospitalization” (day treatment) programmes have been found to have equal or superior results to inpatient hopitalization at one-half to one-third the cost; (iv) well-controlled trials have also demonstrated that outpatient programmes can produce comparable results to inpatient programmes—one estimate places the cost saving at $3700 per patient compared with the typical course of inpatient treatment; and (v) a growing body of evidence suggests that if patients could be matched on clinically significant dimensions to a range of treatment alternatives, much higher overall improvement rates in the alcoholism treatment field would be observed. The question that should guide future investigation is “What treatments are most effective for what types of alcoholics?”
