ABSTRACT
Conservation agriculture (CA) has been proposed as an alternative to conventional agriculture to sustainably improve agricultural production, increase nitrogen-use efficiency and reduce emissions of greenhouse gases, and make the systems more resilient to climate change. Satisfactory progress has already been made in developing a number of new machines, such as laser land leveller, multi-crop planters, happy seeder, and relay seeders for zero-till seeding, straw management systems, and relay seeding in CA-based cropping systems. There is, however, a need for further refinement of the machinery for CA to increase efficiency with adaptability to diverse soil and climatic conditions.
