ABSTRACT
Specialists define trauma as the product of ‘the three Es’: event, experience and effects, that is, including how people experience a difficult event at the time and, later, foregrounding the ways that people explain to themselves why it happened. Yet trauma tells us nothing about the moral quality of the person traumatized—and big wars traumatize vast numbers of individuals. This chapter explores how Tomiyama Taeko visually reframes experience (not event) to show her viewers how trauma was/is experienced by victims. Most impressively, the chapter argues, she often includes the experience of perpetrators in the same frame, causing ‘the effect’ to continue within viewers.
