ABSTRACT
This chapter provides an overview of the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol in Pacific Island countries Vanuatu and the Cook Islands and the possibility for ABS and biocultural protocols as possible ameliorative measures for the misappropriations of biological resources and Indigenous knowledge. The chapter concludes that protocols are useful tools for allowing communities to self-express their rules and beliefs and to manage access processes to community resources and knowledge. However, biocultural protocols are also somewhat experimental and are not without a range of challenges that need further consideration, monitoring, evaluation, reporting on and discussion with the relevant communities, governments, researchers and enterprises working with biological resources and associated knowledge.
