ABSTRACT
In the nineteenth century, Poland did not officially exist on the European maps. The country was divided among three neighbouring empires: Austria, Prussia, and Russia. Artists, writers, and thinkers who worked within this movement proclaimed the vision of Poland as a nation chosen by God, which rebirth was to become a ground-breaking point in the development of humanity. In the history of Poland, there were events with all the elements needed to justify the thesis of the Messianists, like the victory of King John III Sobieski at the Battle of Vienna, which was thought to have stopped the invasion of Christian Europe by the Ottoman Empire. The complicated political situation prevented the Polish intelligentsia from immediately engaging with many scientific debates taking place in Europe. The press associated with the positivist movement was also responsible for the popularisation of Darwinism.
