ABSTRACT
In this chapter, applying advanced energy technology such as solar, nuclear, or fusion for waste biomass is proposed as a method to produce carbon-free fuels and charcoal. Hydrogen or synthetic hydrocarbons made from biomass can replace many organic products currently obtained from fossil fuels. However, a significant fraction of feedstock remains as waste, which will be combusted or biologically decomposed, discharging CO2 emissions. Solar and nuclear energy can be applied to produce charcoal from waste biomass, and can directly remove carbon from the air for geological timescales at a very high density, stably, and with few temporal and locational constraints. This can be used for energy storage, and to create space for farming, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity conservation. Carbon removal and sequestration can generate carbon credits in the forest and farmland in developing countries where CO2 in the atmosphere is absorbed, and fuel and organic material production as the substitute for fossil fuel is expected. This has the potential to benefit the economies of these countries if global financial mechanisms are established to facilitate the international transfer of carbon credits generated from advanced clean energy technologies.
