ABSTRACT
This chapter describes remote sensing methods capable of measuring the temperatures of surface phenomena, and considers ground-based techniques somewhat more briefly. It is especially convenient to do this if the remote sensing data that we intend to use for thermal monitoring themselves contain the basis for such a correction. The chapter introduces some of the extra physics necessary for a proper understanding of the information that longer wavelength thermal infrared data can reveal about low-temperature thermal anomalies, and considers the effects of the atmosphere. Volcanic activity is almost always accompanied by heat output, and so at their most fundamental level we might expect thermal measurements to tell us about the amount of power being liberated. Weather satellite data useful for measuring low-temperature thermal anomalies are cheap and easily available. Landsat is probably the most commonly used satellite for geological applications.
