ABSTRACT
During the first part of the 1960s, Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, and Mexico were the only Latin American countries with diplomatic and economic ties to the USSR. The late 1960s and early 1970s was a period of rising nationalism throughout the Andean regions, the high points of which were the rise to power of the Peruvian military radicals in 1968, the signing of the Andean Pact in 1969, and the election of Salvador Allende as Chile’s president in 1970. Policies of economic nationalism, agrarian reform, and the strengthening of the nation-state’s role in the economy brought some of these countries into conflict with the United States. This chapter examines the evolution of economic, political and military relations between the Soviet Union and the Andean countries in the last two decades. An important form of Soviet aid has been the bilateral agreements on cultural, scientific, and technological cooperation.
