ABSTRACT
The education system has effectively transformed from physical to online and hybrid education due to COVID-19. Several educational institutions were forced to divert all assessments’ strategies to online platforms for the safety of all members including students and staff. Assessments are considered as a significant component in the process of improving education all over the world. Formative assessments help teachers to enhance students’ learning skills and develop their academic progress, Nowadays, for educational accountability, countries, schools, and teachers are evaluated based on students’ progress results in various assessments. Therefore, the purpose of the current chapter is to create a theoretical framework that guides educators with theories and models to reinforce the educational strategies and to implement the online formative assessment in Distance Learning towards enhancing students’ academic results. The provided framework is guided by the perspectives of Vygotsky’s social constructivist theory, constructive alignment theory, and depth of knowledge model. This framework including its theories and model will help teachers to classify students and have clear ideas regarding the needed strategies for them. Additionally, the framework will align the analysis of the used standards, objectives, curriculum, and assessments all together in a way that suits students’ academic requirements.
