Defining the Construct of ḥayā'

The concept of ḥayā' is developed by (i) examining dictionary meanings, synonyms, and antonyms of the word in Arabic, and (ii) analyzing its usage in the Noble Qurʾān and ḥadīths. Furthermore, the use of ḥayā' in daily communication is examined using proverbs and a critical incident. This multi-method approach resulted in an indigenous, thick description of the concept, showing that ḥayā' has ten aspects and can be classified into three themes, none of which corresponds with shame culturally or linguistically. Furthermore, ḥayā' emerges as a gracious virtue that guides human behavior individually and culturally. Implications of this concept for global psychology and philosophy are discussed.