ABSTRACT
This concluding chapter summarizes and reviews the elements identified throughout the contributions of the volume and relates them to the learning process framework, asking what has been learned from the peeks inside the black boxes about how terrorists learn. The authors further address several key aspects in-depth, relevant for both academic research and policy-makers. They discuss which, and how, internal and external conditions affect the ability to learn and the effectiveness of learning. They further argue that terrorist learning should not a priori be understood as necessarily destructive, as it can also lead to processes of moderation and de-radicalization. Finally, the authors explore the need to widen the perspective beyond the learning of organizations toward a broader understanding of collectives. The chapter closes with an outlook reflecting on the practical and ethical challenges of learning about terrorists learning.
