ABSTRACT
Complexity theory invigorates systems psychodynamics thinking in ways that move beyond the limitations of earlier versions of systems theory. The central systemic concept in the complexity perspective is that of non-linear dynamics. Systems spontaneously reorganise towards states of greater heterogeneity and complexity, and they achieve a ‘steady state’ at a level where they can still do work. Complexity theory improves the analytic possibilities of systems psychodynamics through studying (i) non-linear behaviour; (ii) new approaches to analysing and understanding non-linear interactions; (iii) importing energy through network interactions; and (iv) co-production to increase fitness function of the group. Complex adaptive systems adapt over time through the entry, exits and transformation of agents. Open systems are open because they exchange resources with the environment. They are systems because they consist of interconnected components that work together. Complexity theory combined with systems psychodynamics theory makes it possible to grasp complex behaviour by varying assumptions about the plans, connections, fitness functions or population dynamics that characterise individuals or groups.
