Introduction

In 2018, the European Union took two landmark decisions about media literacy. It embedded media literacy in the Directive for Audiovisual Media Services and considered it as the second pillar for fighting disinformation in the report about the multidimensional approach to disinformation. In the former, media literacy becomes an obligation for all member states, who must report about its implementation every three years. In the latter, media literacy is a tool for building users’ resilience in democratic societies (EU Audio-visual Media Services Directive, 2018).