ABSTRACT
This chapter examines the various anti-fascist forms of opposition to the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, before, during, and after World War II. It first presents the history of Ukrainian fascism, explaining how Ukrainian nationalism radicalized after the First World War, how Ukrainian nationalists conceptualized a form of Ukrainian fascism, and how this ideology contributed to the atrocities committed by this movement. In the second part, it shows which forces, parties, and individuals opposed this movement and discusses their motivations. Ukrainian fascism was opposed by various parties, states, and individuals, and hence, the history of Ukrainian anti-fascism must be treated as a heterogenous and complex phenomenon.
