ABSTRACT
Brazil is back in the world after four years of isolation under far-right President Jair Bolsonaro. President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva and his former foreign minister and now international affairs adviser, Ambassador Celso Amorim, want to reconstruct their “active and assertive foreign policy” based on South-South relations, regional integration, multipolarism, multilateralism, and international law. They believe that Brazil is too big and too important to limit its international ambitions to trade and investment and should be a global actor of the first rank. But the same old policy may not be enough in a very different world with war in Europe, Russia threatening to use nuclear weapons, a more aggressive and militarist China, a more protectionist US, a pandemic, economic crisis, and dictatorships in Latin America. With the risk of a new cold war, the Global South doesn't want to take sides. Nonalignment is back and Brazil could be one of the leaders of a new nonalignment movement in a search for strategic autonomy.
