ABSTRACT
This chapter focuses on responses that provide a community with a sense of self-efficacy and community efficacy, connectedness, and hope. An important component in the university’s crisis response is providing opportunities for members of the community to gather and to express themselves in mourning. These expressions of mourning can take many forms with varying degrees of formality and planning. Expressions of grief will naturally occur in a variety of forms, many impromptu and unplanned by the university. In an effort to support the university, people and businesses in surrounding communities will make donations to the institution, monetary and material. Fund-raising is a supportive effort from the community that may bring with it numerous considerations. One of the most significant institutional responses to address the ongoing needs that stem from campus tragedies is the creation of offices with the sole purpose of providing direct support to primary and secondary victims, and to the families of the deceased victims.
