Introduction

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary haemoglobin condition. In early infancy, it often presents with symptoms like anaemia, infections, and generalized pain. As individuals grow older, they frequently encounter chronic organ complications and may have a shortened life expectancy. The severity of SCD varies across patients (Lokanatha et al., 2016). While some patients have minimal poor-health interferences with their daily lives, many suffer in untold ways. Clinical findings show significantly affected quality of life (McClish et al., 2005; Osunkwo et al., 2020) impacting education outcomes, lifestyle choices, and career progression. Additionally, patients are exposed to stigma and disability or race discrimination, issues that culminate in poor mental health outcomes for them and their caregivers.