ABSTRACT
In tandem with the intensifying strategic competition between the United States, China, and Russia, the race to manipulate and assimilate emerging technologies into their militaries, national defence systems, and policies is gaining momentum. Central to the new debates in military modernization are many questions: a) In what ways are states today deep-rooted in conflict, competition, and cooperation – competition in technology and military – concomitantly? b) How is modernization in military technology influencing geopolitical and geostrategic outcomes, transforming the courses and nature of conventional warfare? Disruptive technologies, weaponization of information, and new capacities of information warfare, however, are not uniformly distributed across geopolitical lines. The diffusion of new and robust military technologies, as well as the capacity to use military capabilities, differ significantly between China, Russia, and the United States. Any revolutionary, creative technology is a time-consuming procedure. However, the changing nature of warfare with modern technologies has created a need for a level-playing field, fuelling deeper pursuit of innovation in the three states: China, Russia, and the United States of America.
