ABSTRACT
The transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy opens new areas of economic and geopolitical competition. 1 Advanced economies are competing to lead in manufacturing clean technologies, and other countries with the mineral resources needed for those technologies are growing in strategic importance. 2 At the same time, the energy transition has geostrategic implications for the industries that use the ‘clean energy’ these technologies produce, particularly those that use a lot of it. For energy-intensive industries, geography still matters. A solar or wind farm produces very different amounts of energy in different parts of the world. Clean-energy costs will be correspondingly uneven.
