ABSTRACT
The best general discussion of political and economic developments, diplomacy and wars, literature and the arts is H. Hearder, Europe in the Nineteenth Century, 1830-80 (Longman, 1966) and J. Roberts, Europe, 1880-1945 (Longman, 1967). D. Thomson, Europe since Napoleon (Longman, 1957; Penguin, 1970) still provides a useful discussion of the interplay between conditions, events, personalities and ideas over the period, while T. W. Riker, A History of Modern Europe (N.Y., Knopf, 1949) presents the evolution of institutions. Both books have useful bibliographies. Equally sound and valuable in its assessment of European civilization is the work of G. Bruun in The European Inheritance, vol. 3, ed. E. Barker and others (Oxf., 1954); here the appended documentary extracts provide a guide into contemporary materials. A discussion of the significance of economic factors is E. J. Hobsbawm, The Age of Revolution (Weidenfeld, 1962). A correlation of political and economic factors in post-1870 European history is given in T. K. Derry and T. L. Jarman, The European World, 1870-1945 (Bell, cl and schl edn, 1951). Also valuable for the study of the post-1870 period is M. Bruce, The Shaping of the Modern World, 1870-1939, vol. 1, 1870-1914 (Hutchinson, 1958). Stimulating for its interpretation of political and diplomatic aspects of the period is J. McManners, Lectures on European History, 1789-1914 (Blackwell, 1966) and L. B. Namier, Vanished Supremacies, 1812-1918 (Penguin). A more detailed account, with additional information on the interaction of foreign policies, is offered in the important American series, the Rise of Modern Europe, ed. W. L. Langer (Harper, cl and pb), of which the following volumes are relevant: F. B. Artz, Reaction and Revolution, 1815-30 (1953); R. C. Binkley, Realism and Nationalism, 1852-71 (1951); and C. T. H. Hayes, A Generation of Materialism, 1871-1901 (1941). Of considerable value on every aspect of nineteenth-century European history are the chapters in the New Cambridge 901 Modern History, vol. 9, War and Peace in an Age of Upheaval, 1793-1830 (1965), vol. 10, The Zenith of European Power, 1830-70 (1960), vol. 11, Material Progress and World-wide Problems, 1870-1901 (1962) and vol. 12, The Shifting Balance of World Forces, 1898-1945 (2nd edn 1968). Reference to documentary evidence for the study of the history of particular countries is given in the section on national histories. For reference to historical atlases, R. Muir, Historical Atlas, Medieval and Modern (G. Philip, 11th edn 1969) is recommended, together with W. E Brown and A. W. Coysh, The Map Approach to Modern History, 1789-1939 (U. Tutorial P., 3rd edn pb 1954).
