ABSTRACT
This chapter analyses discrimination in employment and earnings by taking gender, caste, and religion together as the circumstance variables. The objective is to look into gender discrimination and how this discrimination is differentiated by social and religious identity in Bihar. We define employment discrimination as the lack of access to a good-quality job because of differences in gender, caste, and religion. We found that while the share of women workers in casual wage employment declined, women’s participation in regular salaried jobs increased, although marginally in Bihar. The average wage was higher for regular salaried urban women than for their male counterparts, contrasting with the situation for the national average in 2004–05. But the gender wage gap increased significantly over the period 2004–05 to 2018–19, both in casual and regular employment. Women workers on average earned roughly 60 percent of men’s average earnings within the same type of work in casual employment.
