ABSTRACT
At the beginning of the eighteenth century, before Queen Anne ascended the throne of Great Britain, the British settlements at Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta each had a fortress and the town. The London merchants must have realized that a trade domination over, or for that matter, to start with, a competition against, the Dutch establishments in India would not be possible without patronage and a properly functional administrative body. These became the centres of international trade in spices, cotton, sugar, raw silk, calico and indigo. The Dutch were, it seems from the absence of resistance documents or letters of cancelled treatises, welcomed by the Indian rulers to put them up against the Portuguese. Aggressive negotiations have supplanted dictatorial oppression of expectations because managerial case studies and research proves that no corporation, irrespective of the size and financial superiority, stays at the helm forever.
