ABSTRACT
This chapter presents studies conducted with a fast and easy-to-use psychoanalytically oriented screening tool for developmental difficulties in babies aged 0–18 months: Clinical Reference Indicators for Child Development. It also presents a study comparing two groups of mother–infant (aged two to 26 months) dyads: one (high risk [HR], N = 69) at HR for psychiatric disorders in which the older sibling has autism spectrum disorder, and another low-risk group (LR, N = 75) in which the older sibling is typically developing. Infants were assessed for developmental difficulties and withdrawal behavior. Mothers were assessed for depression, stress and anxiety. Quality of dyadic interactions was also assessed. First step was an assessment study with better results among LR than HR. Second step was a clinical trial with HR dyads divided into two subgroups: one (N = 22) that participated in psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy (12 sessions), and another (N = 47) that did not. Intervention increased mothers’ capacity for receptivity to babies’ emotional experience, decreased dyadic negative affection and anxiety. Third step was a follow-up after four years of treatment, showing long-term effects. The impact of such studies on public policies regarding early development and autism-related issues is discussed, highlighting the importance of the contribution of psychoanalysis in such domains.
