The possible existence of s and s factors in leadership is considered in Chapters IV and v. On the one hand there seem to be factors that contribute to leadership in any field (they determine group-cohesiveness and the intelligence and educational components of functional level): on the other hand there seem to be factors whose contribution is specific to a particular field (they determine the remaining components of functional level' i.e, special aptitudes and special attitudes or identifications with a special field). The s factors contribute to a man's total effective leadership only when he is working in that special field.. Both g and s factors condition stability on any level.