ABSTRACT
The presentation of this chapter is quite different to that of normal scientific review. The reason is that the gap between science and practice must be bridged. Scientific knowledge has been made applicable for people with less scientific background. Therefore it was decided to present the current status of knowledge in easy to understand figures and graphs. The text has been reduced to the most relevant key findings of research for sports practice. Reference to these findings is to a large extent made in the preceding chapter by Maughan.
