ABSTRACT
The apparent universality of these principles among countries in other areas of the globe which have developed successfully during this century is due to the fact that these economies also rest on a sedentary, agricultural base. Marxists of all ilks have been troubled by nomadism: pastoral nomads do not fit well into any unilinear historical stages. Decades or foreign negativism has convinced many of the Mongol intelligentsia that there is no future for nomadism in Mongolia. Urbanised Mongols are alienated from the nomadic lifestyle. The nomadic economy's sociological and cultural value characteristics do persist in modern Mongols of the town as well as the countryside. The history of Mongolia's struggle against its neighbours has left a feeling of ethnocentricism in their souls, which makes change in the modernisation process difficult to achieve. Commercial decisions such as the prices of minerals were often made under pressure from the Mongol Politburo or direct interference from Moscow.
