ABSTRACT
Large-scale Chinese migration to Hungary started in 1989-1990 and peaked in 1991. The migrants came overwhelmingly from the People's Republic of China (PRC). Organizational pluralism contributes to the building of contacts with Hungarian NGOs and Chinese organizations elsewhere in Europe. The consolidation of the Hungarian Chinese community in 1991-1992 was marked by the appearance of voluntary associations. Hungarian Chinese Association (HCA) established itself in a leading position within the Hungarian Chinese community and has retained that position ever since. In October 1995, HCA forwarded copies of the Chinese dissident journals Beijing Spring and China Springissues to the PRC embassy, alleging that (Association for the Promotion of Chinese-Hungarian Friendship) APCHF's secretary-general was involved in them. In June 1995, the four then existing tongxianghui, the Wenjiaoxie, Tizong, ESCA, the Chinese Christian Church, and a committee representing the owners of several dozen Chinese shops joined APCHF to form the Joint Conference of Hungarian Chinese Organizations.
