dissolve

Idum earthquake sa-gul ease bzot-Iuks easily bdo-mo-i kha\ka east shar-kha, shar-phyoks easy bdo-mo, (in mind) bzot, (to do) zhoks-bde go eat za, (vu!.) bgyang, (hon.) bzhes, (fit to) bzhes-dot, (by throwing into the mouth) gam,

imp zo eaten zos echo brak-sha edge tha-ma, (oflake, river) chu-kha, (water's) chu-(g)zur, (embroidered) cikan, (g)zur,

(turning outwards) lang-lang (-re), ze-ba, (turned inwards) zhol-mo edible za-cas, za-Ia byor-mo edict hokom efface bshik effect s asar, khet ci, (make an) asar bya,

effort phra-Iuks, (through an) gyat-s-pa-i kha\ka egg bya-bzhon, (fried) kol-chor, koJ-chot eggs (lay) bya-bzhon tang eight bgyat, (vu!.) rgyat eighteen bcu-bgyat (pron. bco\bcu-) eighty ngis-bcu bzhi either - or haC -na) - haC -na), han-na - han-na eject phyung elbow s khrinmong, v Thung tang elder ad} tshar-ma elder brother kaka eldest (son) go-bu elect v bsaI, gdam electric light bizhili ot elegant byor-mo, rga-sha elephant gIang-po co elevate (to high rank) go-thos go cuk eleven bcu-scik else yang embrace khong-rbel bya, trot bya embroidery cikan employ kol empty stong-rna, (away) pho, (germinated grain to dry) rtsap-zok tang, (walnut shell)

xong phaning, v stong-rna bya empty-handed Iak-rkyang, Iak-stong encircle (?) kir-i bya, (?) kir-i Iangs end mjuk-po, tshang-sa, (in the) e-re mjuk-po-ing, (at the) Ias-mjuk-Ia, (in the, at the)

mjuk-Ja, (come to an) tshang endeavour s gpyot-Iuks, v gyat endless (maJa) mi cham(s)-pa-i, rtan-e duk-pa-i endure nar-pha bya, thyak-pa bya enemy rga, (rga) dushman, khon bya-khan, mi rga-khan, (act as an) dushman-i bya, energetic ham-hum-can, Ias-pa enjoyment eesh enmity khon enough tshat, (long) thep enquire tri enter zhuks, (the fortress) khar-sgak-la zhuks, (allow to) zhuks cuk entertainment !tan-mo entire rang-rkyang entirely rkyang-ka entrails rgyu-ma entrust Iak-to bor envelope Iifafa enviously (ask for) gran-Iza bya envy s kho-ghan, v kho-ghan bya epilepsy ghaash, gong-nat, (have an attack of) gong-po zhuk equal dra, dra-dra, dra-na dra, ngorngor, (share) bar-la, baraabar, (price in exchange)

bzhi-mo -er -khan erect ad} (be) Jangs, v Isang error but-thaI, las-thaI escape but, shaks-shit, v shaks-shit go, shor

especially phe-s-e sang estimate v skar eternal mal-pa duk-pa-i, rtan-e duk-pa-i Europe biliyaat, bilaayat European mik-ser-po evaporate ras even (all over) krams-e, sang, (one, not even) scik-sang-met

evening gong-phin, gong-thak, (K. gong-taks), (prayer) shaam-i phyak ever (for) zinzin everlasting rtan-e duk-pa-i every cole, re-re, ga-ba re-re, sna-tshang every day zhak-tang every kind phros-sna sing, (one of) rang-da rang mi scik everybody cok, mi-sing everything sna-tshang everywhere ga-ba-tsa, mal-sa sing-Ia evidence (hear) bayan len evil s ghonii, (speech) kha-ba in-pa evil ad} cang-men, shishik evil spirit dre ewer aaftaaba exact dra, tsoks-na tsoks, tsoks-sa, tsoks exaggerate (become a little unbalanced and) lenlen go, tshile-tshik bya exalt thos examination imtihaan examine sbyang, spyang example ltan-cas, misaal, phros-sna exceedingly lee(g)i except men-pa, met-pa excessive Itim, sleet-e, thep exchange sdo, (goods) bzhe\bzhe-s, spe excrement rkyale-pa, khyak-pa (R.), (hard, round) bul-tuk, (of dogs) khi-rkyak excuse baxshish bya, snget bya, sngyat bya exhausted (be) a-tang chat exile (go into) phyan, yel exist yot existence (go out of) met-pa go expense got, xarac expensive rin-mang, rin-thos experience s (by) byang-s-pa-i ka\kha, byang-s-e zer experienced (person) byang-khan, byang-s-e yot-pa-i, khas-pa explain bshat-pa bya, lale-rda bya, rda bya exploit me spar extend ngyale byung exterior kha-ltar-po external kha-ltar-i yot-pa-i extinct (become) met-pa go, rap chat extinguish laa tang, (a fire) me rdap extra him, rtsak-s-e, sket-e, thep, (work) bya-thap, las-thep, (one who is always ready to

do) las-mi extract phyung extraordinary bgyal-pa-re extremity (g)zur, tha-ma

eye mik, (of a needle) Itaks-pa eyebrow smin-ma eyeglasses ainak, mik-khrap eyelash mik-mshok eyelid mik-skyu

fable sdrung face s gdong, (downwards, lie) pret bya-s-e face v gtot, rgat fail (in an examination) fel go faint ad} (feel very weak and) apel go faint v shang-met go fair haq, shaks-pa-can faith ches-luks, imaan, (have, in) ches-luks bya faithful (person) barhaq, gdyang-can, gdyang-ma-can, (to the Mohammedan religion)

(over, with out injury) kher-e phok, (down) khyong, krok-pa khyong, (flat on the face, from a height) ldar phok, (over) 10k, (on) 10k, (cause to, over) lzok, (ill) nat brangs, (down) phok, (against) phok, (on) phok, (by the sword) rmal, (drop by drop) tik thiks, (in) tshir srang

false gzon falsehood gzon family dong-i doa\dawa, khang-zum, pa family line mi-tshir famine zan-rkon famous (be) ngon fan glung-mshok (K. lh-) far thak-ring, (as, as) phyak-po, thon-i man-po farewell (bid, to) skel-e tang farm s sa-khyat, v sa-khyat thap fashion (in) bzo-i ka\kha fast (quick) shoks-mo fast v kha smng fasting kha-stong, roza fat ad} khim-can, (awkwardly) Idemldem, Tubuk fat s tshil fate rbi-tshat, skal-ba father ata, (arch.) aba, (hon., mainly for priests) bawa, (foster) maca fathom bang-gang fatigued (be) gal

fIshing 211

fault aip, but-thai, (have a, in making) las-sna cik but, las-thaI, (be at) las-thaI go, (not at) shaks-met

faulty aip-can favour v gdong-i ltas bya favourite srok na-rgo fear v zhiks fearful zhiks-mo fearless ham-ba-dm, jiks-met feast gron, ston(-wax) feather mshok-pa feeble hal-met feed (animals) tsho, za cuk, (relations and mullahs after a death) lang-a bya feel (sad) tung feign bazi bya, zum bya female mo, mo-tse, (partner) cung-ma fence ban, shak ferry-man zaks-pa fertile sa-bzang fetch khur-e ong, (leading) khit-e khyong fever buxaar, tshat-pa, (accompanied by trembling) dar-bu, tsho-o few kha-ik field zhing, (small) drum-pa, (guard) lora-ba, loro-ba fifteen bcu-gha (pron. bco-) fifth (day after) bcus-Ia fifty gha-bcu fight s tyang-tyang fight v khril, rdap-rdap bya, thams, thap tang, tyang-tyang bya, tyang-tyang go figuratively misaal-i bzo-i kha file s sakdar fill intr gangs, tr skang, (sacks, with stone chips) khrok skang, (eat one's) mok za filled (be) (measures of grain) byur filter tsak filth (river) chu-lop filthy chaDu, tri-ma final mjuk-i find lak-tu ong, thop, (time for) long thop fine s chat-pa, jurmaana fine ad) hude, phra-mo, sra-mo, zhong-bo fine v chat-pa bor fined (be) chat-pa phok finger sen-mo, (two widths of a) sor-do, (little) tha-ba cok finger-nails zer-mo-ong finish cams cuk finished (be) chams, tshang fir (tree) shuk -pa fire s me, (catch) me thuk, (make a) phu fire v (a gun) tawaq phang fireplace thap firm khar-khar, (be) khar-e duk, (very) rtan-can, rtan-po firmly sro-bo bya-s-e first sna, go-rna go-i, go-pa, go-pa-i, (to arrive) gyoks, (at) gyoks-e, ma go-pa fish ngya fishing ngya-ling, (line) ljaks-pa

212 fist

fist multuk fit byar, byar-e duk, griks, rgik, (into) zhuks cuk fitting byor-mo, gsha, (time) mooqa five gha fix v yak, glan (S.), griks cuk, lsang flag alam, (bring out, religious) alam phyung flageolet gling-bu (K. lh-) flame me-Ihap flap (front, of skirt or dress) alting flash (of forked lightning) gnam-me chat, (a) lhap ci, (lightning) lhok-bar flat lep-Iep, (cloth) Ihak-Ihak, rat, sngyams-e flatten Iding flattened (be) lep go flatter gdong -stot bya flavour spa, brot, v bros flavoured (with salt, etc.) bros-ngyam-can flaw las-thaI flea ki-shik flee shor flesh sha, (of a fruit) capa, chapa flexible ltap-Itap fling phang flint cak-rdo float lding flock tsho-pa flog rdung flood chu-rngen, chu-smen floor (earth, mud) sa-thil flour phe, xono, (wheat) bak-phe, (fine) gdul, (coarse) marmur-i phe, (storage pot for)

rgom, (kind of) sgar-ma flourish v rgyaks flow s chu-lhak, v gzar, drul flower mendok, mindok flute gling-bu (K. Ih-) fly s sbyang-bu, v phur, (make) spur foam sbu-ba, (at the mouth) kha-sbut, v sbu-ba byung fold v (over, the mouth of bags, etc.) kha-ltsap bya, !tap, (clothes) sdril, (behind) brangs,

(around) lza-tet-la go, lza-tet bu-tet-Ia go\ong folk mi-ong follow bda\bda-s, lza go, lza ong, (spiritually) lza-drul bya, (behind) brangs, (around)

lza-tet-Ia go lza-tet bu-tet-la go\ong following lza, (behind) lza-ing-tu fond of rings-can yot-pa, showok-can food (give, after marriage) kha-zos min\tang, (for the road) lam-zan, za-cas fool go-rkang met-khan, rkang-met foolish srok-met, (person who does something very) lho-stor, rkang-met foolishness that-that ran-ran foot kang-ma, (hind) rgyap-zuk footprint kang-rzes for ci-ba zer-na (pron. caa), -la, (the sake of) phi-Ia forbid mana bya forbidden (work) gra ong-pa-i las force san

force v (a way through) bcer\bcir, (out) bgyang, (on\through) cer forced (be) srit, (to go) tet-e kher forcefully sro-bo bya-s-e ford rap, chu-rap, (sandy) bya-rap forearm lak-mun, phrak-pa, tho-gang, (length of a) tho-gang forehead spal-ba foreign zhan-mi, (land) ma-yul rna-sa foreigner zhan-mi forelock gong COTO forget bzhet forgetful (person) bzhet ngar-can forgive baxshish bya forgiveness baxshish fork kha-tse form s bzo formerly dun-tu, go-pa forsake skyur fort khar fortress (take refuge in a) khar-sgal-Ia zhuks fortunate bax-can, sot-bde-c:'m fortune gnam-i nkhor-zhoks, skal-ba forty ngis-bcu ngis forward (go) dun-tu go foul chaDu, (do something) men-pho bya, (say something) men-pho bya foundation amik, (stone) rmang-rdo

frozen 213

four bzhi, (the) bzhi-ka, (four to five exchange) bzhi rna gha, (days later) rgus-Ia fourteen bcu-bzhi fowl (water) chu-srak fox wa fragile krol-Iok chak frank kham sang frankincense ud-i ambar free ad} (be) khom, phut-e tang, (legally) rhakrhit, (getting) shaks-shit, (get) shaks-shit go,

(too) skyangs free v (from sin) shaks-shit bya freeze ba-mo chak, (up) chabron go, gangs chak fresh sak, sak-sak, sar-pha, sor-sor Friday shUguru friend (close) sning-mi friendly (become) dris, (way, speak in a) gdong-gsal bya fright (have a) drok(s) frighten drok(s), srok, (away) srok, jiks cuk frightened (easily) droks-pa-can, (get) sems frog laoango, laTimgo, leTango from -na, (the hands 01) shida-na front (in) dun-la, dun-pa-ing, (just in) dun-la, (held in, with both hands) dun-len-la,

(towards the, i.e. Mecca) qabl-i phyoks-la front of (in) dun-tu, gdong-gang-la, gdong-la front teeth kha-so front-side (of shirt, robe, or gown) dun-tho frost ba-mo froth chu-lop, kar-sbur, sbu-ba, (from the mouth) kha-sbut, v sbu-ba byung frozen (get) phit, (in various shapes) pi-tu rna pi-tu

214 fruit

fruit mewa, phalu fruitful phalu khur-khan fruitless phalu met-pa-i fry glong (K. lh-), harisa bya frying-pan tokle fulfil mal-Ia khyong fulfilled (be) mal-ing thon, mal-Ia thon, rang-rkyang go full (be) drangs, krong-Ia ong, ad} gang, (get) gangs, gangs-e, skang-s-e fun Itan-mo, rtsen-mo fur coat ju-ba furrow shuu further (a little) e-tsa( -re), e-tsa di-tsa future di-po-Ia di-kha, mjuk, di-po-Ia di-kha-ing

gain s phan-cas, phan-khe gain v (in health) iron ong, (a victory) rgyal gait drul-bzo, drul-zhoks gale glung-trak (K. Ih-) gall xo gallop (with perfect step) bzhi-Idyak tang game (sport) rtan-ma, rtsen-mo garden baari, tshar, (kitchen) drum-pa, (front) dun-tshar, (palace) dun-tshar, gon garment gon-cas gather (up, in a front flap) alting bya, intr (K.) dam, khil, (harvest) ong co\cu gathered (having) sdam-s-e gaze (at) Ita-en duk, sgams gear (riding) rta-bcas general adj aam generosity bzang generous bzang-mo gentle ngar-mo, (be) xash bya gently ku-Ie genuine haq-i, rkang-i germinate (grain) rtsap phyung gesture lak-fda, (provocative) skyak gham get thop, brul, (a gift) baxshish thop, (done) chot, (to be) gik (go, 3rd-person/ilt.), go,

(through effort) gyat-byat bya,jor, lak-tu ong, (more) traks, (did you get it or not?) los-a rna lo-s

get up langs, (suddenly) hop langs get well dot giddy go-o-ing nkhor gift baxshish, lak-khur, (get a) baxshish thop, (send a) rtaks kal\tang

giggle rgot chot ginger cazga girdle skerak girl bu-mo (pron. bo-ngo) girth brang-thak

grape 215

give tang, (back) lzok, (by hand) min, (hon.) sha-sde bya, (in marriage) skyur-e phang, (in) yel

given (to be) (to lying) lok-pa-ba-r glacier gangs-zhing glad hute, (be) that gladness that-Iuks glean (nuts and fruits only) kai bya, lza-tsal glitter gser-rduk globular rel-bu, ril-bu glory s chok-o-i luks-po, gdong-bel glove lak-shup glue spin, (together) spyar gnash kha-mur so-mur go go go, (hon.) shaks, (let's) dong( -shik), (will) gik (3rd person Jut.), (ready to) go-ca bya-s-

e, (something that will) go-cas, (back) lok-s-e go, (in a party) Ijap go, imp song( -shik), (Kharmang) wa

go after bda-s-e go go between s manga, v bar-tsham-Ia go go down baps go into (exile) phyan go out byung, phi-rol go go round nkhor go up (to) thul go-down bzot goal hal goat ra, (billy) pho-rtsit, (nanny) ra-bak, re goat's hair ra-bal God alla(h), xuda, (in the name ot) bismillah going go-po goitre gra-ba gold gser golden gser-i good bzang-mo, hude, in-pa, gsha, lyaks-mo, (works, do) amal bya, (at the price) doks-

can, (at) -khan, (would it not be - it) lo-s-pa, (sense) ngar, (news) rga-sha good bye xuda-i phak-ra, (say) skel-e tang goods bcas-kun, nor-kun gourd (large) xos-sor grace sha-sde gracious sha-sde-can grain bru-bu, byu-bu, (a, with chaff still on it) brong-bu, (roasted, in tea) ca-phe, go-

khyor, (roasted) koko, (still in the husk) lu, (germinated) rtsap, (single) soks-ma, (stalks) soks-ma, (fried corn) yos

grasp v zun, s (mental) chut-zhoks grass rtso-ba, (partly dry) lak grave lang-gar, mazar, ro-ong khang, (hon.) ustaana grave-stones (inside) xamang-shing gravy sha-chu, spak-rtsi graze tsho great amiir, chok-o, khe, (quantity) nar-a bya-s-e greatness chok-o-i luks-po green sngon-po, (and fresh) sngo-Idem grief gdyang-chot, sning-gaT grieve sning-gaT go grind v gdar, thaks, (very fine) xus\ghus thak groom chilpon, rta-rdzi ground (plot of, that one works oneself) mal grow gel, tshar grow old rgas grow up (very quickly) bzhag-en tshar, bzhe-pa-gan tshar growth (reach full) hal-tshang go grumble ghur (ghar) bya, xas-mus bya guard (field) lora-ba, loro-ba, (camp) mi tsho guess thik bya guest gron-pa guide s lam-sna bya-khan, v lam-sna bya, (flour, with the hands) kha-skyoor bya gums so-srup gun bandoq, tawaq gunpowder tawaq-i sman

h habit s aadat, mgyoks, (be in the - of) g.yangs habits (find out a person's habits) mi-thik thop habitually mgyoks-i kha haft yu-ba hail kha-rzen hair raal, (cow's tail) ba-mjuk, (plaited, from the forehead) dun-cung, (first plait in

front) dun-cung-i rka-Io, (of the head) go-raal, (woman whose hair has started to fall out) rka-zat, (white) (K.) ska-kar

half phet halo (form a, round the moon) Iza-ot-Ia tshar chat halt duk halting place (for the night) srang-sa hammer (sledge) gan, martaul hand s lak-pa, (on the other) e-re met-na, (give a) lak-len bya, (clenched) phrak-pa handful (ci) lak-gang, ghu-aaT gang

handkerchief lak-phi-s, rumaal handle lak-khril, lak-thams, (basket\bag) lung, yu-ba handsome bzo-can, rduk-can, (appearance) rduk, zhoks-can hang phyal-la tang hang up phyal-la tang happen go happy (make) btul, sot-bde-dm, (be) that

hem 217

hard Tak-Tak, sro-bo, oa1aq, (and swollen) gurgur, (and smooth) 1hak-1hak, (become) oiangs

hardened oiangs, (get) ko-ba zhuk hardship sdik hare riong harm s gnot-kho, nuqsaan, v gnot, (intensive) gnot-pa tang, 10k-par bya harrow rku1 harsh xar-xar harvest thok, ong, mga-rtsa\snga-rtsa, mgi-ba-rtsi, (gather) ong co\cu, hat nating hatchet sta-re hate bgyat-pa bya, khon khur haul then-e khyong have yot, -i shida yot haversackjoli, (strap) lung hawk khra he kho head go-o head man tram-pa (R.) headache go-tshas, (have a bad) go-o-ing nkhor, gO-Tang ong, (from being in a crowd)

mi-1aa1 phok headman go-pa health (be in good) bde\bde-s, bde-s-e yot, (in good) ThekThek healthy (animals) hal-dm, (be) nat-met duk, (very) ngar-can, ThekThek heap (of leaves) co-pot hear ko, sna-ba bya hearer ko-khan hearsay ko-s-pa-i gpera, ko-s-po tshor-po, 10 heart sning heartily sning-pa-i ka\kha heat s trot, (oppressive) mun-tshat, v tron-mo bya heaven bihisht, gnam heavens gnam heavy 1co-o, Idop, ljit-can heavyish loum ci hedge rban heed sna-ba bya heel lting-ma, (high) lting-tsot height thon( -po) heir miraas hell dozax helmet go-rmok help s lak-len, roks, v roks bya helper roks bya-khan, (in ploughing) roks-mi helpless su-met, kha-sman, khas-man, (feel) bya-thap met hem tha-1i, (trousers) khen-ma

hemp banggi, (intoxicant) caras hen (house) bya-khUT henceforth di-po-la di-kha, di-po-la di-kha-ing, di-po-la di-ok-pa-ing, dose-na e-kha-po her (ot) dO-I, (by) do-si, (to) mo-la,(own) mo-r-i hers mo-i herbalist arnei, awa herdsman nor-rzi here (K.) di-kha, (S.) di-ka, di mal-sa, (and there) di-r ~ e-r, dong-i phar-i, ya-ba-wa,

(towards) di-tsa(-re), (just here) di-po-wa, (somewhere) di-po-wa-re heron bya-ang Ding-rno hers mo-i herself (she) mo-ang hesitate khris hesitation jurnjam hiccough v hik ong hidden sba-s-e, sba-s-pa-i hide s (crude and hard) ko-dak, (complete) ko-lok hide vip, intr ips, sba high thon-mo, (get) rnuk, (social position) thos, (on) ya-r, higher gen-tsa( -re), (somewhat) gong-tsa( -re) highland (valleys) brok\blok highroad rgya-lam highway rgya-lam ri, (small) Tok him (ot) dO-I, (by) do-si, (in, at) kho-ing-tu, (to) kho-la himself (he) kho-ang hind foot rgyap-zuk hinder bya ma cuk, doks euk, sgak hindrance rka hire s gla, v gla-la khyong hired servant gla-pa his kho-i, (own) kho-r-i hit v tyang, rdung, (S.) (vul.) glan hitherto di-po pa-tse dun-tu hog-tie Diang tang hold s (take, in wrestling) lak sri hold v thams hole xong, khung, mik, rhong, (deep) dong, (for storing vegetables, etc.) dong, (large)

Duhum, Duhung, (small well-like) dong-bu, (latrine) glo (K. Ih-) hollow s gho-thos, gho-Dong, (vul.) gho-long, (large, in a tree) hong-gol, xong-gol, xong-gor holy Isaks-ma, (very) Isang-dak, (water) zamzam homage (render) go-o sgu home doa, dawa, dong-i doa\dawa, (at) nang-tu hone stone daltumur, gdar honest trang-mo honey sbyang-rtsi honour s adaf, izzat, (for parents) hurmat honourable adM-can, izzM-can, rtsis-can hoof rmik-pa, tshe-bu, tshe-btse hook s huk hookah (pipe) cilim, (fill a) tambaku skang hoopoe (?) hu hup, kukuk hope s gdyang, v gdyangs (vul. rdyangs) horn ro-ba, (brass) kasna

horse rta horseman rta-pa, rte-pa horseshoe rmik-pa host gron tang-khan

hot tron-mo, tsho-o, (get very) bzhun ong, (spices, etc.) kha-tshik, (very) tshik, tsho-s hour ganTa, gHanTa house nang, (small, for the grazing period) glaas house-owner khang-go household khang-zum, nang-mi housewife cung-ma how ci bya-s-e, ci bzo-i kha, ci-na re, how long nam thon-i man-po how many tsam how much tsam-tsam, tsam-tse however amma human being mi humble (person) kha-met lee-met hundred bgya hungry ltoks hunt, hunting lings, (go) lings bya, lings-la go hunter lings-pa hurry shoks-mo bya-s-e go hurt (get, inside) mun-phok go husband ashi-pa, daks-po, (g)zung hut tshele, (highland, for the grazing months) glaas hymn kaasida, v xuda-i stot-kha bya

• 1 I nga, (myself) nga-ang ibex skin, (female) dal-mo, (young) dar-yu ice gangs idea gsam-ba idiot ahmaq, ghuT, rkang-met idle las-met idleness skyon idol but, lha if -na-re, -pa, pakzi, (so) yot-na-re ignorant shes met-khan ill khol, (mentally) mun-khol go, (fall) nat brangs illegitimate nal-bu illness nat imitate rpe bya, rpe-rpe bya imitation rpe