ABSTRACT
In the 1920s German cryptanalytic agencies began to establish cooperative relations with sister services in many of the countries that would fight alongside Germany during World War II. After the outbreak of war, collaboration intensified and resulted in a few notable successes against Allied and neutral communications. Collaboration was undermined, however, by inadequate resources, ineffective coordination, and the condescension of the Germans, who treated their putative allies as dependents rather than equals.
