ABSTRACT
Joseph Maguire’s influential article seeking to clarify associations among concepts of modernization, Americanization, colonization, and globalization did much to set the discursive stage for extensive treatment of the tensions. Balance between local integrity and global expansion becomes an especially important strategic question surrounding small, marginal, or otherwise vulnerable sports. Government and private interests in developing countries, meanwhile, have found it expedient to accept tobacco advertising and sponsorship to help to build or sustain national sporting programs and/or forays into high-profile global sports. The examination of sport in a given country is likely to reveal commonalities with sport elsewhere that are genuinely universal in nature, other historically shared attributes stemming from or accentuated by global exchanges, and unique points of articulation with local culture. The National Collegiate Athletic Association sought to supplant the separate organization for women’s sports, successfully absorbing it in 1983.
