ABSTRACT
This is the second of three chapters concerning similarities and differences in the achievement of women and men. We present here the results of a number of analyses of test performance. Readers should consult the previous chapter for an overview of recent research and for explanations of technical terms and procedures encountered here and in chapter 4. Chapter 4 complements chapter 3 by describing grades, accomplishments, and related characteristics of females and males that can influence achievement. In the Supplement to this volume, there are two important reports that extend the main text by providing additional information on possible sources of gender differences. A report by Wilder gives an overview of the principal lines of research and theory regarding possible educational, social, and biological antecedents of gender differences. A report by Lewis and Willingham presents a technical analysis of statistical effects on gender differences when samples are selected rather than representative of a general population.
