ABSTRACT
the relationship between stress and migration may be considered on two levels that differ analytically in terms of the assumed direction of cause and effect. On the one hand, stress of various sorts may be said to cause migration; on the other, stress may be viewed as caused by migration. As noted, this distinction is essentially analytical since both processes may in fact occur with regard to any specific stream of migration. This chapter focuses primarily on stress as a potential outcome of migration, although some attention is also given to the causative role of stress in stimulating that process.
