ABSTRACT
Inter-chain upgrading is the process of applying the skills gained in one value chain to participate in another. Despite the large number of enterprise development initiatives that introduce new livelihood strategies to target groups, there are surprisingly few well-documented cases that present evidence for the success of this upgrading strategy. Accounts of deliberate, concerted development initiatives that fall into this category focus mainly on case studies of export horticulture and fisheries. Although the process is generally perceived as being one of moving to higher value chains, it can also entail horizontal shifts to products of similar value or even ‘downgrading’ to lower value chains.
