The conference has clearly identiFied three different types of problems in the area of visceral learning. The first type has to do with the reliability of the basic learning phenomena itself. The second type of problem is far more subtle; it has to do with an examination, and, insofar as it is possible, a comparison of techniques with those used several years ago. The third problem pertains to the theoretical argument for and against the use of curare. The particular method of curarization, as well as the precurare handling of the rat, can have profound effects on heart rate behavior under curare. Certain arguments have been made questioning the possibility of heart rate learning in curarized rats on the basis that curarization results in a massive vagal blockade. One way to try and describe what is essentially an art or interaction between man and animal, such as the process of curarization, is to give a description of events over time.